The willingness to forgive among the Wayuu and among people from other indigenous communities in Colombia

Introduction/Objectives: Willingness to forgive has been studied in different situations, however, there are no published studies in Colombia with indigenous populations and taking into account their worldview. The present research was aimed at examining the willingness to forgive of people from various ethnic minorities in Colombia such as the Embera, Nasa, Pijao and Kaamash-Hu communities and focusing in particular on the Wayuu community. Method: An experimental design was used and a cluster analysis was performed. The sample was composed of 159 indigenous adults (30% male) between the ages of 18 and 76, who were shown a series of scenarios describing a common situation in which an orchard was damaged by domestic animals belonging to a neighbour. Three factors were manipulated in the scenario: the severity of the damage, the level of carelessness of the animals' owner, and the animals' owner's explanations and apologetic behaviour. Results: Cluster analysis yielded five qualitatively different positions: Never forgive under any circumstances (6% of the sample, primarily participants from the Embera community), Depends on apology and neglect (15%), Depends on apology, consequences, and neglect (30%, primarily participants from the Kaamash-Hu community), and Almost always forgive (36%, primarily people from the Wayuu community). Conclusion: Thus, there is a convergence between the results of this study and the anthropological observations of the participating ethnic communities. Forgiveness is closely linked to the cosmovision of each indigenous group.

Introducción/Objetivos: La voluntad de perdonar ha sido estudiada en diferentes situaciones, sin embargo, no existen estudios publicados en Colombia con población indígena y teniendo en cuenta su cosmovisión. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar la voluntad a perdonar de personas de diversas minorías étnicas en Colombia como la comunidad Embera, Nasa, Pijao, Kaamash-Hu y centrándose en particular en la comunidad Wayuu. Método: Se presentaron una serie de escenarios a una muestra de 159 adultos indígenas (30% hombres) de entre 18 y 76 años. Dichos escenarios describían una situación común en la que una huerta era dañada por animales domésticos de un vecino. Se manipularon tres factores en cada escenario: la gravedad del daño, el nivel de descuido del dueño de los animales y, las explicaciones y el comportamiento de disculpa del dueño de los animales. Resultados: El análisis de clústeres arrojó cinco posiciones cualitativamente diferentes: Nunca perdona bajo ninguna circunstancia (6% de la muestra, principalmente participantes de la comunidad Embera), Depende de las disculpas y del descuido (15%), Depende de las disculpas, las consecuencias y el descuido (30%, principalmente participantes de la comunidad Kaamash-Hu), y Casi siempre perdona (36%, principalmente personas de la comunidad Wayuu). Conclusiones: Por tanto, existe una convergencia entre los resultados de este estudio y las observaciones antropológicas que condujeron a la decisión de la Unesco de considerar el sistema de justicia restaurativa de la comunidad Wayuu como un patrimonio inalterable.

Impact of childbirth preparation sessions towards the willingness and ability of husbands to accompany their wives during childbirth in the delivery room

Background and Objective: Most Fathers-to-be within Indian setting find it difficult to cooperate with their spouse抯 labour and encounter a great deal of stress during the journey of Childbirth. The study objective is to assess the impact of Childbirth preparation sessions (CPS) in a private maternity centre at Chennai towards shaping the willingness and attitudes of fathers-to be regarding their willingness and ability to accompany their wives during childbirth in the delivery room and to compare the attitudes with those fathers who did not attend the Childbirth preparation sessions. Materials and methods: A pilot study was conducted between October 2022 to January 2023 at a tertiary maternity hospital in a metropolitan city (Chennai) with a convenient sample of fathers-to-be who attended (Group 1, n=30) CPS and those who did not attend (Group 2, n =30). A questionnaire was given to fathers who had less than 2 year old child to analyze the difference in willingness and ability to go to the labour room among those who attended child birth preparation sessions and those who did not. Results: All men were well educated Indians and the mean age of men who attended childbirth preparation sessions were 33 years and most of them were fathers-to-be for the first time. The results showed that fathers-to-be who attended the childbirth preparation sessions were more likely to express willingness to attend labour room. Though majority of men (51 men out of 60) were willing to go to the labour room, only 47 men were able to go to the labour room out of which 28 had attended the CPS. There was a high significance in their ability to go to the labour room among those who attended the CPS (P-value - 0.010). Conclusions: The preliminary results of this pilot study indicated that a well-structured and delivered CPS could not only enhance the shared role of fathers-to-be in the critical childbirth journey but also provide them with adequate psychosocial support.

Willingness to Pay for Centralized Modern Locust Bean Processing Equipment in Ekiti State, Nigeria

This study investigated the propensity to pay for modern apparatus processing locust beans in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Utilizing primary data and a multistage sampling strategy, 240 processors were chosen for the study. The collected data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics and an inferential statistical instrument, such as Logit and ordinary least square regression analysis. About 72 percent of processors were married and had an average of eight years of experience processing locust legumes. The majority of respondents belonged to a cooperative group (66.7%) and had no access to credit (100%). The average monthly income from processing was N18,000. The majority of respondents (65%) were unwilling to pay for the service of centralized, advanced or contemporary processing equipment. According to the results of the Logit regression analysis, the variables that significantly influence willingness to pay for the service of centralized modern locust bean processing equipment were household income and processing experience (1%), level of education and age (5%), and household size (10%). The Ordinary Least Square (OLS) analysis reveals that household size and education level were significant at the 1% level, while age and marital status were significant at the 5% level and processing experience was significant at the 1% level. The study suggests that processors ready to pay should form a formidable cooperative to secure grants or loans to establish a centralized, contemporary locust processing cottage. The government should educate processors on modern food processing and safety at all levels.

Awareness, willingness, and challenges of the informal sector toward state National Health Insurance Services in Benin City, Nigeria

Background: As access to vital health services expands and universal health coverage is attained, health insurance is projected to serve as a critical risk protection for families and small enterprises. Aim: To assess the informal sector’s awareness, willingness, and problems in enrolling in the state national health insurance program. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was done in Benin City, Nigeria, in the unorganized sector. A self-structured questionnaire was created, distributed, and retrieved for this study, which was conducted among 155 artisans chosen through a stratified random sample procedure. To evaluate the data, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, SPSS version 22 was used. Results: In total, 138 people (89.0%) are aware of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS), while only 93 people (60.0%) know that Edo state has a state-owned Health Insurance Scheme (SHIS). Only 17 people, or 11.0%, are engaged in the NHIS/SHIS program, whereas 107 people, or 77.5%, have expressed interest. Lack of accessibility to authorized healthcare facilities near house 22 (71.0%) is a significant deterrent to enrollment in the program. Long lines at service points (3.88, 1.093), the time it takes to enroll new members in the program (3.78, 1.101), the time it takes for health maintenance organizations to issue authorization codes (3.62, 1.316), the accessibility of NHIS services outside of registration institutions (3.29, 1.289), and the standard of drugs provided by the SHIS (3.12, 1.358) are all factors that hinder utilization. Sex and place of residence each strongly correlated with readiness to sign up for the program (AOR = 4.234, P = 0.017, 95% CI: 1.293–13.873 and AOR = 5.224, P = 0.007, 95% CI: 1.557–17.530, respectively). Conclusion: The artisans have a low rate of health insurance coverage but are eager to sign up for the program. State policymakers should increase their reach and make enrollment required to attain a higher range.

Willingness of middle school students to engage in medicine and influencing factors during COVID-19 pandemic / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo investigate the willingness of middle school students to engage in medicine and its influencing factors during COVID-19 pandemic in Lanzhou， so as to provide references for the early career planning education on middle school students. MethodsConvenient sampling method was used to choose 1 795 middle school students from 5 schools in Lanzhou from July 21 to July 31， 2022 for this study where an online questionnaire survey was distributed to collect data. A self-compiled questionnaire was used to gather the general information， assess the willingness to engage in medicine and seek the underlying reasons. The psychological resilience level of students was assessed using Resilience Scale for Adolescents. Then multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to screen the factors associated with the willingness of middle school students to engage in medicine. ResultsAfter the local outbreak of COVID-19 in Lanzhou， 835 （46.52%） middle school students demonstrated their willingness to engage in medicine， and the top three reasons for their willingness were being affected by medical staff during the pandemic （75.69%）， having interests in medical sciences （67.31%）， and the potential increase of attention to national medical development after the epidemic （43.23%）. Logistical regression analysis showed that female gender （OR=1.438， P<0.01）， family members engaged in the medical and health industry （OR=1.574， P<0.01） and having a high psychological resilience score （OR=1.011， P<0.01） were related to the clear willingness to engage in medicine， while studying in senior middle school （OR=0.473， P<0.01） and excessive exposure （≥50%） to negative information during the epidemic （OR=0.797， P<0.05） were related to declining willingness to engage in medicine. ConclusionAfter the COVID-19 outbreak in Lanzhou， a large proportion of local middle school students show their willingness to engage in medicine， especially among those of female gender， having family members engaged in the medical and health industry and having high level of psychological resilience. Whereas students studying in senior middle school and with excessive exposure to negative information during the outbreak indicate low willingness to engage in medicine.

Perception and willingness to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among household-heads in a rural community of South-Western Nigeria

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic and its vaccine have been met with varying perceptions that may have both negative and positive effects on the willingness to uptake the COVID-19 vaccine. The study is set to determine the perception and willingness of the household heads to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine in a rural community in Southwestern, Nigeria.Materials and Methods:A cross-sectional study was carried out among 409 household heads selected through a multistage sampling technique. The instrument of data collection was a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaireusing the Health Belief model constructs. Data were analyzed with IBM SPSS version 21.0 and Pearson's Chi-square test was used to determine the association between perception and willingness to uptake vaccine. P<0.05 was taken as significant at 95% confidence interval.Results:The majority of the unvaccinated respondents in the study were not willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine (60.1%). There was a poor perception of the susceptibility/severity of unvaccinated respondents to COVID-19 infection and a poor perception of the benefit/barrier to the uptake of the COVID-19vaccine. Perception of susceptibility and severity of COVID-19 infection were statistically related to the willingness to uptake the COVID-19vaccine.Conclusion:There should be an increase in awareness campaigns to change the perception of people positively to COVID-19 infection and uptake of the COVID-19vaccine.

Knowledge, fear, and willingness to accept covid-19 vaccine among residents of Gere lga, Borno state, Nigeria

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) which emerged from Wuhan, Hubei province, China has gained tremendous attention. It has caused huge morbidity and mortality as well as a visible psychological burden on communities across the globe. Knowledge, fear, and willingness to accept COVID-19 Vaccine are reported to be serious factors in the fight against the disease in many communities for which Jere LGA, Maiduguri, Borno State, may not be an exception. Objectives: To determine the Knowledge, fear, and willingness to accept the COVID-19 Vaccine among the residents of Jere LGA, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Methodology:Adescriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for this study. Atotal of 384 questionnaires were administered in this study. However, only 367 questionnaires were retrieved for analysis. The sampling technique adopted for this study was multistate sampling techniques. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the majority (67.8%) of the respondents had poor knowledge of the COVID-19 vaccine. On the question of COVID-19 fear, 50.1% had moderate fear. Regarding the vaccination status of the respondents, 93.5% did not receive the COVID-19 vaccine jab and 6.5% did receive the vaccine as of the time of this study. Of the 367 respondents, 78.2% were unwilling to accept the COVID-19 vaccine, if made available to them. Conclusions: The study concluded that there is poor knowledge, and moderate fear and the majority of respondents were unwilling to receive or accept the COVID-19 vaccine in the study area. Therefore, this study recommends a comprehensive awareness campaign on the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine at the community level.

Awareness of and willingness to use pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV infection among female sex workers in Anambra State, south-eastern Nigeria

Background: Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective preventive measures against HIV infection but its success is strongly based on adherence, which in turn depends on willingness to use. This study is aimed at assessing the level of awareness and willingness to use PrEP to prevent HIV infection among female sex workers (FSWs) in Anambra State, Nigeria, and to identify factors that influence willingness to use PrEP. Methodology: The study was a cross-sectional survey involving 265 brothel-based FSWs recruited through snowballing technique. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information on demographic characteristics, awareness of HIV/AIDS and transmission route, attitudes/behavior related to HIV/AIDS, and awareness of and willingness to use PrEP. Univariate and bivariate analyses with Chi square test (with Odds ratio and 95% confidence interval) was used to determine association of socio-demographic and predictive factors with willingness to use PrEP. Statistical significance was considered when p value was less than 0.05. Results: Of 265 FSW respondents, only 81 (31.2%) have heard of PrEP, 10 (3.9%) indicated they have previously used PrEP while 91.0% indicated willingness to use PrEP. Univariate analysis showed that FSWs in Onitsha had a significantly higher odds (OR=28.6, 95% CI=1.718-476.82, p=0.0006) while those from Awka had a significantly lower odds (OR=0.184, 95% CI=0.0704-0.1812, p=0.0004) of willingness to use PrEP. Also, FSWs with monthly income less than 18,000 Naira had a lower odd of willingness to use PrEP (OR=0.3980, 95% CI=0.1593-0.9945, p=0.08). Bivariate analysis shows that FSWs who wish to have more knowledge of HIV/AIDS had higher odd of willingness to use PrEP than those who did not wish to have more knowledge (OR=4.235, 95% CI=1.577­11.374, p=0.0066). Similarly, FSWs who are worried of being discriminated against have a lower odd of willingness to use PrEP than those who are not worried of being discriminated against (OR=0.3921, 95% CI=0.1582-0.9718, p=0.0439). Conclusion: Our study showed low awareness but high willingness to use PrEP among FSWs in Anambra State,Nigeria. Cost, HIV/AIDS knowledge and fear of discrimination are significant predicting factors of willingness to use HIV PrEP and should be considered when formulating PrEP policy. Adequate enlightenment on PrEP should be emphasized among FSWs.

Willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services among the elderly in Hohhot City / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services and identify the influencing factors among the elderly in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia, so as to provide insights into promoting integrated medical and elderly care services.@*Methods@#The elderly at ages of 60 years and older were sampled using a convenient sampling method from public venues in four districts of Huimin, Saihan, Yuquan and Xincheng in Hohhot City from June to December 2021. Basic characteristics, health and disease burdens, social support and willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services were collected, and factors affecting the willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services were identified among the elderly using a multiple linear regression model. @*Results@#A total of 1 008 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 96.74%. The respondents included 519 men (51.49%) and 489 women (48.51%), and had a mean age of (69.47±6.42) years. The monthly average fees of willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services were (2 076.49±36.79) Yuan, and there were 636 participants with 2 000 Yuan and less monthly average fees of willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services (63.10%). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that place of residence (β=180.832), satisfaction with housing (satisfied, β=-140.760), physical self-care ability (completely self-care: β=-238.244; mostly self-care: β=-254.557), burdens of disease diagnosis and treatment (able to afford: β=452.488; partly afford: β=228.626), monthly income (β=347.144), expenses of medications (β=0.019) and total score of social support (β=17.116) were factors affecting the willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services among the elderly. @*Conclusions@#The willingness to pay integrated medical and elderly care services among the elderly in Hohhot City is associated with place of residence, monthly income, satisfaction with housing, physical self-care ability, burden of disease diagnosis and treatment, expenses of medications and social support.

Willingness and influencing factors for cervical cancer screening among women in Chizhou / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of willingness to screen for cervical cancer in women in Chizhou. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey of 3,058 migrant women living in Chizhou was conducted through a social media platform. The survey included questionnaires on socioeconomic characteristics, history of cervical cancer screening, knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and treatment, and attitude. The χ2 test and logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of willingness to screen. Results Under 60 years of age, having a spouse or sexual partner (OR=1.368), having a junior high school education or above, living in urban areas (OR = 1.501), local household registration (OR=1.363), high monthly income, and high knowledge of cervical cancer prevention and control (OR=1.198) were positively associated with the rate of willingness to undergo cervical screening. Among attitude barriers, there were statistically significant differences in fear of seeing male doctors (38.23%), fear of seeing poor results (31.92%), belief that screening was painful (23.56%), shyness or embarrassment (20.18%), and belief that they did not need to participate in screening due to asymptomatic (17.56%), having received HPV vaccine (15.86%), or ages at which screening was not considered necessary (15.14%) between the groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Socioeconomic characteristics, knowledge of prevention and treatment, fear of screening experience, and lack of motivation are related factors affecting cervical cancer screening willingness. Achieving cervical cancer elimination requires action to improve screening coverage in socio-economic, health education and women's attitudes.

Study on cost-utility threshold based on the preference of population in Liaoning province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To study the cost-utility threshold （WTP/Q） based on the preference of the population in Liaoning province with willingness-to-pay（WTP） survey method， and to provide reference for decision-making. METHODS Using the method of questionnaire survey， quota sampling combined with snowball sampling were used to conduct telephone interviews with the general population in Liaoning province， collect data and analyze it. Probit regression combined with generalized linear model was used to analyze the relevant factors affecting WTP/Q. RESULTS A total of 755 general people were recruited. The WTP/Q of Liaoning population was 119 175 yuan，the average WTP/Q for improving the quality of life was 84 902 yuan， and the average WTP/Q for extending the survival period was 188 005 yuan. The analysis of influential factors showed that the older the age， the lower the probability of people purchasing medical interventions； the higher the education level and income， the greater the WTP/ Q； at the same time， the physical feelings of the interviewee， such as pain and depression， could also affect the WTP/Q results； compared with the scenario of improving quality of life， the WTP/Q for the extended survival period was higher. CONCLUSIONS The WTP/Q of Liaoning province based on the WTP survey method is about 2.07 times of the per capita gross domestic product of Liaoning province in the same period. The WTP/Q for extending survival period is about 2.21 times that of improving the quality of life. Therefore， interventions to improve quality of life and to extend the survival period need to be treated differently， in measurement or decision-making.

Relationship between smoking abstinence self-efficacy， smoking rationalization belief and willingness to quit smoking—a questionnaire survey of 336 male smokers in Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo explore the influencing factors of willingness to quit smoking in smokers， and to provide reference for further smoking cessation intervention. MethodsThrough purposive sampling， smokers were recruited from 4 residential communities and 3 companies in Shanghai for an online questionnaire survey. The survey included general demographic characteristics， willingness to quit smoking， smoking condition， tobacco addiction， awareness of influence of smoking， smoking abstinence self-efficacy， and smoking rationalization belief. T-test， χ2 test and multiple logistic regression were used to analyze the data. ResultsA total of 336 valid questionnaires were collected. The average age of the smokers was （37.1±10.2） years， and most of their education level was college or above （58.3%）. The daily number of cigarette use was （11.46±7.22） and most of smokers were classified as low nicotine dependence （58.3%）. Today 248 smokers planned to quit smoking in the next six months. Compared with smokers with low smoking abstinence self-efficacy， smokers with high self-efficacy were more likely to quit smoking （OR=2.406，95%CI： 1.357‒4.267）； Smokers with low smoking rationalization belief were more likely to quit smoking than those with high rationalization belief （OR=2.112， 95%CI： 1.167‒3.821）. ConclusionSmoking abstinence self-efficacy has a positive impact on willingness to quit smoking， while smoking rationalization belief has a negative impact on the willingness to quit smoking. Efforts to improve smoking abstinence self-efficacy and dispel smoking rationalization beliefs of smokers should be made to promote the intention to quit among smokers.

Survey on the willingness to re-donate blood and its influencing factors of street blood donors / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the re-donation willingness and its influencing factors of street blood donrs, so as to stable the team of blood donors and enhance the efficiency of blood collection. 【Methods】 From July 2021 to December 2022, 1 210 blood donors were randomly selected from 5 street blood donation sites affiliated to Nantong Central Blood Station, and their willingness to re-donate blood and influencing factors were surveyed via telephone interviews within 24 hours and 2 to 3 weeks after blood donation. The frequency and type of adverse donation reactions (ADRs) was gathered. 【Results】 Among 1 210 street blood donors, 590 were first-time blood donors, accounting for 48.76% (590/1 210), and 620 were repeated blood donors, accounting for 51.24% (620/1 210). The response rate of this survey was 96.03% (1 162/1 210), and the incidence of delayed ADRs was 1.29% (15/1 162) according to telephone interviews after blood donation. Among the 620 repeated blood donors, "health promotion" (61.77%, 383/620) was the most important reason for willingness of redonation(P<0.05), and the top of the list for on-site experience was "blood donation locations" (56.61%, 351/620) (P< 0.05). 【Conclusion】 The intention of blood donors, location of blood donation sites, service and publicity of blood donation are the main factors that affect the re-donation of blood donors. It's vital to increase the proportion of blood re-donation, and promote the development of voluntary blood donation by improving blood donation service, policy popularization and incentive measures.

Analysis on the willingness of whole blood donors to donate apheresis platelets and its influencing factors / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To investigate the willingness of whole blood donors to donate apheresis platelets and analyze its influencing factors. 【Methods】 A total of 400 whole blood donors from Kunshan Blood Station and Leshan Blood Station from January to May, 2023 were surveyed by random sampling, and their willingness to donate apheresis platelets were analyzed by univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analysis. 【Results】 A total of 386 valid questionnaires were collected, with a recovery rate of 96.5%. Among the 386 whole blood donors, 177 were willing to donate apheresis platelets, accounting for 45.9%. Univariate analysis showed that gender, age, education level, blood donation times, average blood donation volume, adverse reactions to blood donation, understanding of platelets, and family members' attitude towards blood donation were the main factors affecting the willingness of whole blood donors to donate platelets, and binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, age, blood donation times, average blood donation volume, understanding of platelets and family members' attitude towards blood donation were the main factors. 【Conclusion】 Targeted recruitment of whole blood donors should be conducted to recruit more apheresis platelet donors, so as to meet clinical demand of apheresis platelets.

Research progress in cognition, attitude and willingness for organ donation among ICU staff in China / 器官移植

In recent years, organ donation and transplantation have entered a stage of steady development in China. Nevertheless, the shortage of transplant organs and the contradiction between supply and demand of organs are still the bottlenecks to achieve the strategy of "self-sufficiency in organ transplantation" advocated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The key reasons for donor loss described in the "critical pathway of organ donation" defined by the WHO include the identification and referral of potential donors and the maintenance and repair of organs. Smooth development, high efficiency and high-quality development of organ donation cannot be achieved without the support of intensive care medicine, which are highly associated with the cognition, recognition and participation of intensive care unit(ICU) staff. In this article, research progress in ICU staff’s cognition, attitude and willingness for organ donation were reviewed and relevant influencing factors were discussed, aiming to offer targeted suggestions on how to resolve these difficulties.

Analysis on the facilitative factors from willingness to behavior in online medical service / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To study the influences of patients′ online medical service from willingness to behavior based on Anderson′s health service utilization model, and to provide reference for improving the utilization rate of internet medical services.Methods:A total of 66 270 patient data were selected from a self built internet medical platform of a tertiary hospital in Zhejiang province in 2021. Indicators such as time of visit, location of visit, doctor′s online activity, doctor′s title, doctor′s age, doctor′s gender, and disease type were subjected to chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to clarify the impact of different indicators on online medical treatment from willingness to behavior.Results:Of the 66 270 people having a willingness to seek online medical treatment, 39 996 people, accounting for 60.35%, achieved online diagnosis and treatment. Online medical services could break through the constraints of time and space and to promote the patient′s seeking medical treatment online from willingness to behavior in a limited way; Doctor′s title had a non-linear effect on patients′ online medical treatment from willingness to behavior; Doctor′s online activeness significantly promoted online medical treatment from willingness to behavior; Female doctors and middle-aged and young doctors promoted online medical treatment from willingness to behavior; Different types of diseases affected online medical treatment in different ways.Conclusions:Among the factors that affect the patient′s transformation from online medical willingness to behavior, the patient′s enabling resources have a facilitative effect, and need factors have a direct impact.

Research on the driving mechanism of residents′ willingness to participate in tiered medical care based on harmonious management theory / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To construct and validate a theoretical model of residents′ willingness to participate in tiered medical care based on harmonious management theory, providing reference for promoting the tiered medical care system and aiding governmental decision-making.Methods:Based on the harmonious management theory and literature review, a model capturing residents′ propensity to engage in tiered medical care was formulated. Using convenience sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 2 067 residents from 24 communities in Zhejiang province from April to May 2022. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on the survey results, and multilevel linear regression and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the driving mechanism of residents′ willingness to participate in tiered medical care.Results:The willingness rate of residents to participate in tiered medical care was 69.7%, which was at an average level. Regression insights highlighted the positive influence of policy support perception ( β=0.170, P<0.01), awareness of management mechanisms ( β=0.093, P<0.01), cognitive attitudes ( β=0.102, P<0.01), and trust levels ( β=0.244, P<0.01) on residents′ participation willingness. In contrast, resource allocation perceptions lacked a significant effect ( β=0.065, P>0.05). The structural equation model revealed that cognitive attitudes played a mediating role in the " policy system perception → participation willingness" and " management mechanism perception → participation willingness" pathways, with effect sizes of 0.030 and 0.039, respectively. Trust levels also mediated these paths, with effect sizes of 0.039 and 0.045, and entirely mediated the " resource allocation perception → participation willingness" path, registering an effect size of 0.053. Conclusions:The harmonious management theory can be used to explain the formation mechanism of residents′ willingness to participate in tiered medical care. The government and medical institutions urgently need to further improve residents′ awareness of tiered medical care, focus on enhancing residents′ trust, and further improve policies and management measures such as financial investment, medical insurance reimbursement, and referral systems.

Research on the harmonious driving mechanism of doctors′ collaboration willingness and behavior in the tiered diagnosis and treatment system / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To explore the driving mechanisms of doctors′ collaborative willingness and behavior in the tiered diagnosis and treatment system, in order to provide reference for promoting the construction of the tiered diagnosis and treatment system.Methods:Based on the harmonious management theory, a theoretical framework for the driving mechanisms of doctors′ collaborative behavior in the tiered diagnosis and treatment system was developed. Through random sampling, a questionnaire survey was conducted among doctors from 40 medical institutions in five prefecture-level cities in Zhejiang province between April and May 2022. The t-test, variance analysis, and non-parametric tests were employed to analyze the differences in collaborative willingness and behavior among doctors based on various demographic characteristics. The structural equation model and stratified linear regression were used to assess the impact of collaborative factors (professional environment and work expectations) and harmonious factors (perception of policy support and perception of management mechanism) on doctors′ collaboration willingness and behavior. Results:A total of 1 959 doctors participated in the survey. Doctors′ collaborative behavior scored 2.13±1.12, indicating a slightly below-average level, whereas their willingness to collaborate scored 3.88±0.79, falling between neutral and somewhat willing. Significant differences in collaborative behavior scores were observed based on the medical institution′s ranking, age, years of experience, monthly average income, and professional titles ( P<0.05). Both collaborative and harmonious factors directly influenced the doctors′ willingness to collaborate, with standardized path coefficients of 0.428 and 0.139, respectively. Similarly, these factors directly impacted their collaborative behavior, with standardized path coefficients of 0.104 and 0.366. The perceptions of policy support and management mechanisms demonstrated a significant positive moderating effect on the relationship between doctors′ collaborative willingness and behavior, with effect values of 0.047 and 0.043 respectively ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The collaborative and harmonious elements serve as positive drivers for collaboration among doctors in the tiered diagnosis and treatment system at both the cognitive and behavioral levels. Enhancing and optimizing policy support and management mechanisms can facilitate the transition from intention to actual collaborative actions among doctors from different levels of medical institutions.

Analysis of willingness-to-pay for the treatment of acute facial inflammatory dermatoses with red and yellow light from light-emitting diodes / 中华皮肤科杂志

Objective:To analyze the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the treatment of acute facial inflammatory dermatoses with red and yellow light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and to evaluate their cost-effectiveness.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted on outpatients with or without acute facial inflammatory dermatoses, which mainly manifested as erythema and swelling, in Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital from August 2019 to June 2020. The WTP for the treatment of acute facial inflammatory dermatoses of varying severity with red and yellow light from LEDs were investigated, clinical data on the prevalence of facial skin diseases, previous medical visits and quality of life were collected, and a benefit-cost analysis was conducted. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate factors influencing the patients′ WTP for the LED treatment.Results:The median WTP of the subjects was 200, 300 and 300 RMB yuan for 1-session treatment of three cases of acute facial inflammatory dermatoses of increasing severity assumed to require 1-, 3-, and 5-session LED treatments respectively, and the WTP for 1-session treatment of case 2 and case 3 was higher than the cost of 1-session LED treatment (217 RMB yuan). The subjects with high family incomes (≥ 100 000 RMB yuan/year) were significantly more willing to pay for the treatment than those with low family incomes (< 100 000 RMB yuan/year) (case 1: 40.46% vs. 27.50%, χ2 = 7.00, P = 0.008; case 2: 60.69% vs. 44.5%, χ2 = 9.75, P = 0.002; case 3: 51.20% vs. 48.8%, χ2 = 6.54, P = 0.011), and the subjects who never suffered from facial inflammatory dermatoses were significantly more willing to pay for the treatment than those who ever suffered (case 1: 35.49% vs. 28.82%, χ2 = 1.56, P = 0.212; case 2: 56.10% vs. 42.34%, χ2 = 5.92, P = 0.015; case 3: 68.32% vs. 56.75%, χ2 = 4.58, P = 0.032). No significant difference in the WTP was observed among patients with different facial dermatoses, different degrees of impairment on quality of life, or different treatment experience (all P>0.05) . Conclusion:The cost of red and yellow light from LEDs for the treatment of acute facial inflammatory dermatoses manifesting as erythema and swelling was highly acceptable in this population, and it was worthy of clinical promotion.

Influence of different processing motivation on the intergroup interaction willingness of college students / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the effect and mechanism of different processing motivation on college students' intergroup interaction willingness by technology of eye movement.Methods:Sixty college students conforming to the study conditions were selected from Northwest Normal University and randomly divided into ingroup motivation group ( n=30) and outgroup motivation group ( n=30) according to the random number table method. Subjects of the two groups first participated in the eye movement task, and then participated in the partner selection task.In the eye movement task, the percentage of time that subjects looked at faces of different groups was recorded.And in the partner selection task, the number of selections that subjects selected faces from different groups was recorded.SPSS 20.0 software was used for repeated measurement analysis of variance. Results:(1) In the eye movement task, there was a significant interaction of group and face group type ( F=13.37, P<0.001), but the main effects of group( F=3.23, P=0.077), and face group type ( F=0.09, P>0.05) were not significant. Further simple effect analysis showed that the percentage of time that the ingroup motors looked at the yellow race((16.00±0.06)%) was significantly higher than that of the outgroup motors ((12.00±0.04)%), and the percentage of time that the outgroup motors looked at the white race((17.00±0.06)%) was significantly higher than that of the ingroup motors ((9.00±0.04)%). (2) In the task of partner selection, there was a significant interaction among group, face group type and face old and new types( F=4.38, P=0.041), and the main effect of face group type was significant( F=14.87, P<0.001). The main effect of old and new types of face was significant( F=8.88, P=0.004), but the main effect of group was not significant ( P>0.05). Further simple effect analysis showed that the two groups of college students had statistically significant differences in the selection times of familiar faces from different groups( F=11.51, P=0.001). The number of times that the ingroup generator (5.51±1.14) selected the familiar yellow race as its partner was significantly greater than that of the outgroup generator (2.30±0.65). The number of times that the outgroup generator (5.40±1.00) selected the familiar white race as its partner was significantly greater than that of the ingroup generator (3.47±0.94). (3)Preferential attention to the ingroup members was a mediator between processing motivation and intergroup interaction willingness (mediating effect=0.20, 95% CI=0.02-0.31). Conclusion:Ingroup processing motivation has a threatening effect on college students' intergroup interaction willingness, outgroup processing motivation has a promoting effect on college students' intergroup interaction willingness, and processing motivation affects intergroup interaction willingness through ingroup bias.